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The term “sapphire” derived from the term saphirus in Latin which means blue. Lapis lazuli was regarded as sapphire until Middle Age. Since 7 B.C., sapphires were used as jewelry in Greece, Egypt and Roma, it is highly adored by the royals during Middle Age. Sapphire, along with ruby, were also highly commended in the travelogue by Marco Polo when he arrived at Sri Lanka in 13th century. However, ruby from Sri Lanka have a paler color compared to Myanmar ruby, which result in lower value of Sri Lanka ruby. Usually, sapphire and ruby can be obtained from the same mine, the ratio of these 2 gemstones highly vary between different production place. The ratio of sapphire in Sri Lanka overwhelms others sapphire-producing site. Sapphire and ruby are both a variety of mineral called corundum. Rubies are formed when the mineral is consisted of chromium and become red in color, while sapphire is formed when the mineral is consisted of iron and titanium and become blue in color. Other than red corundum, the rest of it are regarded as sapphire. However, sapphire mainly refer to those that are blue in color, the rest of the color are called fancy sapphire. Fancy colors include yellow, green, golden, orange and more. The different in color is a result of difference in the trace amount element and the crystal structure. Some of the fancy sapphire brought to Thailand from Sri Lanka will be enhanced through heating and become bluer in color. The characteristic of Sri Lanka sapphire is its light purplish blue and its incomparable transparency which contribute to its unmatched beauty. The color in Sri Lanka sapphire is not evenly distributed, and will sometime accumulate on certain part. In some extreme cases, there will be a blue clod only in the culet, and will release an exquisite color when viewing face-up. The saturation (brightness of hue) of sapphire is 5, gemstone with this level of saturation will have high transparency and brightness which is considered high quality, and Sri Lanka sapphire possess such properties which makes it unmatched by sapphire from other countries. On the other hand, small sapphire will look dark under faint light, and saturation of 6 or above will cause the sapphire to lose its beauty. In contrast, saturation of 4 allow the gemstone to shine beautifully even in dark place. In western countries, due to the preference of deeper color, sapphire can be overpriced occasionally.